Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity that primarily affects the big toe (hallux) at the metatarsophalangeal joint. This condition causes the big toe to deviate outward, resulting in a widening of the forefoot and often leading to deformities in the smaller toes. Commonly known as a bunion, hallux valgus is a frequent cause of foot pain and discomfort, making it difficult to walk and find comfortable shoes.
What is Hallux Valgus?
How Common is Hallux Valgus?
Hallux valgus affects around 2-4% of the general population, making it the most common foot deformity. Women are affected nine times more frequently than men, and it is often bilateral, affecting both feet in more than 80% of cases. The condition can worsen over time, leading to more painful bunions and difficulty with movement.
What Causes Hallux Valgus?
The misconception that high-heeled shoes are the primary cause of hallux valgus is outdated. While tight shoes and high heels can exacerbate the condition, hallux valgus generally develops due to multiple factors, including muscle imbalances, bony structural changes, and functional foot instability. Genetic factors also play a significant role, and a family history of bunions is commonly observed. In some cases, foot trauma, previous foot surgery, or mishealed fractures may also contribute to the development of the condition.
How Does Hallux Valgus Develop?
Hallux valgus starts with a slight misrotation of the big toe, which may initially be visible through the inward pointing toenail. As the condition progresses, the deformity intensifies and may lead to:
- Forefoot widening
- Painful bunion formation over the metatarsophalangeal joint
- Small toe deformities such as hammer toes or claw toes
- Increased foot instability
- Metatarsal pain
This progression can lead to increased pain and restricted mobility.
What Symptoms Does Hallux Valgus Cause?
Initially, people with hallux valgus may experience aesthetic concerns or shoe-fitting problems due to the bunion. As the condition advances, symptoms include pain and pressure over the bunion, leading to redness and swelling. In severe cases, the big toe may overlap or underlap the neighboring toes (hallux valgus superductus/subductus), making walking even more difficult.
How is Hallux Valgus Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of hallux valgus involves a physical examination, during which excessive calluses, redness, and pain are evident over the bunion. X-rays are often required to assess the degree of the deformity, plan surgery, and determine any additional foot issues that may need attention.
Can Hallux Valgus Be Treated Without Surgery?
For some individuals, non-surgical treatments may help slow the progression of hallux valgus or provide relief from symptoms. Some common non-invasive treatments include:
- Orthopedic aids like hallux splints, toe spreaders, and insoles
- Foot exercises to strengthen and improve foot flexibility
- Proper footwear to reduce pressure on the bunion
- Custom orthotics
While these treatments don’t correct the deformity, they can help manage pain and improve comfort.
Surgical Treatment for Hallux Valgus
When conservative treatments do not provide adequate relief, surgery is often the most effective option to permanently correct the deformity. At Emerald Avenue Medical Clinic in Dubai Marina (JBR), we offer advanced bunion surgery performed by German-trained orthopedic specialists. Common surgical methods for hallux valgus include:
- Akin Osteotomy: Removal of a bone wedge to rotate the toe
- Chevron Osteotomy: V-shaped bone incision for correction
- Scarf Osteotomy: Z-shaped incision to realign the big toe
- Lapidus Arthrodesis: Stabilization of the first metatarsal joint
Minimally invasive surgery is also available, allowing for smaller incisions and a quicker recovery time.
What is the Aftercare for Hallux Valgus Surgery?
After surgery, full weight-bearing is typically possible after 6 weeks with the help of a special bandage shoe. Post-surgical care includes:
- Bandaging for 4 weeks
- Use of a night splint for 6 weeks
- Crutches for support during recovery
- Normal shoes after 3 months
- Full recovery and return to sports (e.g., jogging) after 3 months
Aftercare is essential to ensure the correction remains stable and to prevent the recurrence of the deformity.
Need Advice or Have Questions About Hallux Valgus?
At Emerald Avenue Medical Clinic, we specialize in the treatment of hallux valgus and a wide range of orthopedic conditions. Whether you’re looking for a specialist in foot surgery or have questions about bunion treatment, our experienced German-trained orthopedic surgeons in Dubai are here to help. We also offer consultations for other specialties, including neurology, cardiology, dentistry, and more.
For personalized advice, treatment options, or to schedule an appointment with a top orthopedic doctor in Dubai, contact us today at +971585218214. and folow us in instegram.