brain and neurology is the rigorous scientific discipline dedicated to the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system. The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves constitute a complex bio-electrical network controlling every aspect of human function. Clinical management of these structures requires understanding beyond symptom relief to preserve function.

Modern neurological care has shifted from observation to active intervention. The objective is neuroprotection, halting degeneration, and optimizing the brain’s inherent ability to heal (neuroplasticity). Whether addressing acute ischemic events or chronic degenerative conditions, the clinical focus remains on precise localization of the lesion and targeted therapeutic strategies.

Leading brain and neurology Services and Diagnostics

The cornerstone of effective treatment is diagnostic accuracy. A Neurologist relies on a combination of clinical examination and advanced neuroimaging to distinguish between structural and functional disorders.

Clinical Localization:

The physical exam tests reflexes, coordination, and sensation to pinpoint exactly where the nervous system is malfunctioning (e.g., central vs. peripheral).

Electrophysiology:

• EEG (Electroencephalogram): Critical for monitoring electrical activity and detecting seizure foci.
• EMG/NCS (Electromyography & Nerve Conduction Studies): Essential for evaluating nerve pain and muscle weakness, distinguishing between neuropathy and myopathy.

• Neuro-Imaging: High-resolution MRI and CT scans allow visualization of soft tissue, detecting strokes, tumors, or demyelinating lesions (MS) with millimeter precision.

Headache and Migraine Clinic

Headache disorders are among the most common disabling conditions worldwide. It is clinically vital to differentiate between primary headaches (like migraine or tension) and secondary headaches (caused by underlying pathology).

Migraine Treatment Protocols

Migraine is not just a “bad headache”; it is a complex neurovascular event involving the trigeminal nerve system.

• CGRP Inhibitors: We utilize the latest class of monoclonal antibodies targeting Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), a molecule that transmits pain signals during a migraine.
• Botulinum Toxin: For chronic migraine (defined as >15 headache days/month), specific injection protocols reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.
• Abortive vs. Preventive: Therapy is stratified. Acute medication stops an attack in progress, while prophylactic medication stabilizes neuronal excitability to prevent future episodes.

Movement Disorders

Disorders of the basal ganglia, the deep brain structures controlling smooth movement, result in either excessive movement (hyperkinetic) or slowed movement (hypokinetic).

Parkinson’s Disease Management

Parkinson’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons.

• Pharmacology: Treatment goes beyond Levodopa. We utilize dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors to smooth out “on-off” fluctuations in motor control.
• Non-Motor Symptoms: Clinical care must address the often-overlooked non-motor aspects: sleep fragmentation (RBD), orthostatic hypotension, and mood disturbances.
• Advanced Therapies: For suitable candidates, we evaluate the potential for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) referrals, which can modulate abnormal brain circuits.

Tremors and Dystonia

• Essential Tremor: Often misdiagnosed as Parkinson’s. It is an action tremor (occurs when moving). Beta-blockers and primidone are first-line therapies.
• Dystonia: Characterized by involuntary muscle contractions causing repetitive twisting movements.
• Focal Management: We use EMG-guided Botulinum toxin injections to selectively weaken the overactive muscles without affecting surrounding function, providing significant relief for conditions like cervical dystonia or blepharospasm.

Seizure Disorders and Epilepsy

Epilepsy is defined by a predisposition to unprovoked seizures due to hypersynchronous electrical brain activity.

• Classification: Accurate classification (Focal vs. Generalized) determines medication choice. Using the wrong drug (e.g., Carbamazepine for generalized epilepsy) can worsen seizures.
• Video-EEG Monitoring: This gold-standard diagnostic captures the seizure in real-time, allowing correlation between the physical behavior and the electrical discharge.
• Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: For the 30% of patients who do not respond to medication, we explore alternative options such as the medical Ketogenic diet or Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS).

Neuromuscular Disorders (Neuropathy & Myasthenia)

Disorders affecting the peripheral nerves or the junction between nerve and muscle require specialized investigation.

Peripheral Neuropathy & Nerve Pain

Neuropathy involves damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

• Etiology: Causes vary from diabetes (metabolic) to autoimmune conditions (Guillain-Barré) or toxin exposure.
• Symptom Management: Nerve pain is often burning or electric. Traditional painkillers fail here; we utilize anticonvulsants (gabapentinoids) and antidepressants (SNRIs), which modulate pain signaling in the spinal cord.

Myasthenia Gravis

This is an autoimmune disease where antibodies block acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

• Clinical Hallmark: Fatigable weakness, muscles become weaker with use and recover with rest.
• Therapy: Treatment involves acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to improve signal transmission and immunosuppressants to lower antibody levels.

Stroke Prevention and Post-Stroke Care

A stroke is a medical emergency where blood flow to the brain is interrupted. “Time is Brain”, rapid intervention is critical.

Acute & Secondary Prevention

• Risk Factor Control: We aggressively manage hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia.
• Carotid Assessment: Doppler ultrasound assesses the narrowing of the neck arteries, a major risk for ischemic stroke.

Stroke Recovery and Neuroplasticity

Recovery does not end at discharge. The brain has a window of heightened neuroplasticity post-injury.

• Rehabilitation: Physical, occupational, and speech therapy must be high-intensity and task-specific to rewire neural pathways.
• Spasticity Management: Post-stroke muscle stiffness is managed with oral antispasmodics and focal injections to prevent contractures and improve hygiene and mobility.

Explore more about our neurology services.

FAQ

When should I see a neurologist for headaches?

You should seek a specialist if headaches are sudden and severe (“thunderclap”), accompanied by fever or neurological deficits (vision loss, weakness), strictly on one side, or if the pattern of your chronic headaches changes significantly. This helps rule out secondary causes.

What are the early signs of a stroke?

Remember the acronym BE FAST: Balance loss, Eyes (vision changes), Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services. Sudden onset is the key characteristic.

How is epilepsy diagnosed?

Diagnosis is clinical, based on a detailed history of the events. It is supported by an EEG (to look for epileptiform waves) and an MRI (to look for structural causes like scarring or dysplasia). A normal EEG does not rule out epilepsy if the clinical history is strong.